Eye supplement research is actually pretty good, thanks to the AREDS studies funded by the National Eye Institute. We know what works for age-related macular degeneration. General eye health supplements are less clear, but lutein and zeaxanthin have solid logic behind them.
Strong Evidence (AREDS2)
The AREDS2 study showed 25% reduced risk of progression from intermediate to advanced AMD. This is specific to age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss in older adults. If you have intermediate AMD, this is proven.
These carotenoids concentrate in the macula and act as internal sunglasses, filtering blue light and providing antioxidant protection. Found in leafy greens but most people don't eat enough. Levels can be measured in the eye.
Supportive Evidence
DHA is concentrated in the retina. Omega-3s may help with dry eye syndrome and support overall retinal health. AREDS2 didn't find added benefit for AMD, but general eye health and dry eye are different.
Potent antioxidant that crosses the blood-retina barrier. Some studies suggest benefits for eye fatigue and accommodation (focusing). Research is more limited than lutein.
Beyond Supplements
- •Blue light glasses may help comfort but don't replace nutrients
- •Regular eye exams catch problems early
- •Blood sugar control matters: diabetes is a leading cause of vision loss
- •Smoking dramatically increases AMD risk
- •Leafy greens (spinach, kale) are the best food source of lutein
Note: Eye supplements support eye health but don't treat existing conditions. If you have AMD or other eye disease, work with an ophthalmologist.